Heating appliance



April 16, 1929. B B, KAHN 1,709,670

` HEA'MNG APPLANCE Filed oct. so, 1925 2 sheets-sheer 2 e5 4 z/ 6/ r u l Jl Y 60 1 4@ I .XZ y J5 fuk.

and ATTORNEYS.

Patented Api. 1e, 1929.

" ,U-NT'EDYSTATES PATENT: QF

BERTRAND is. NARN, Vor CINCINNATI, OHIO, AssIGNoR 'To THE nsTATn .sTOVn coin-` f PANY, OF HAMILTON, OHIO, A OOBPORATION OF OHIO.

HEATING APPLIANO. if i Appntation ala october 3o,` 1925. serialrNo; 65,769.v

The present invention rel'ates'to heating appliances and more particularly toheating appliances of the character which are adapted to be placed in the room to be heated.

' OneV of the principal objects ofthe invention is'to provide la radiant heater so con! structedthat none-oftheproducts ofcombustion can escape into the room. f

Another object is to provide a radiant heater so constructed as to facilitate circulation of air over certain parts thereof Whereby to supplement radiation by convection currents. f

Still another' object-of the invention is the I construction of a radiant, heaterfhavingl provisions for humidifying the air of the room in which it is placed. N g w A Theseand other objects will be apparent from the `following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in whichz 'gY Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a 'heating appliance constructedin accordance with the present invention; j f l Fig. 2 is a plan View of Fig. 1, parts being broken away and Others being shown in section to illustrate features of the invention;

Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken on the line 3,-3 ofFig.l;`and K Fig. 4 is a vertical 'section taken onthe line 4 4 of'FigB. f l In the drawings, which illustrate a portable radiant heater adapted to be placed in thev room to be heated, denotes the baseportion upon which is carried a combustion chamber 21 which, as best shown in Fig.v 2, is an elongatedA chamber extendingacross the front of the heater. The shape and lproportions of the combustionchalmber are of course subject to variation, jbut in the p referred form herein illustrated, the combustion chamber is of a generally rectangular section (see Fig. 2), the rear wall 22 and the endl walls 23 being cast integral and secured to a front wall 24 which is provided with an opening 25 through whichheatv energy from the refractory radiating elements i 26 ma radiate ina forward direction. 1 Y' The refractory radiating elements 26 are mounted within the combustion chamber 21,

and preferably are of such dimensions to present in effect a composite element of substantially the same extent as the opening 25. As best shown inlFig. 3, each radiating element is hollow and is supported in lany suityable` manner from the lower part Of the com-v bustion chamber. The combustion chamber y2l is provided Withan opening in'its lower wall underneath the radiating elementsQG `to receive. aburner 29, which burner may be connected by means of a'pipe SOwitlra suitable i matie FIC-E? Y source of fuelsupply. Any suitable fuelinay be employed' for heating the radiatingele'- nients26A by providing suitable burners, `but the burner herein illustrated is one intended for the use of aseous fuel such as natural gas or'the like. "he burner is provided with a v gas valve 31. for controlling the flow of gas to the'burner Vand a mixing device 32' by which air may be admixed With the fuel to produce 'a combustible mixture, as is well understood inthe art. vBurning ofy the'combustible mixture atthe openings 33 serves to heat the refractory radiating elements V*26. to incandescenee thereby. resulting injthe radiation of :heat energy therefrom. Preferably each radiating element provided with groups of slotted apertures 35 through its frontfan'd rear-walls', theapertures being so spaced as to provide'bars of refractory .material bef. tweenthem, which are heated by the products ofv combustion,"suchybars being narrow .and -adaptedto readily absorb heat from the' hot gases Vcoming Afrointhe burner. The `arrangement of slotted apertures and bars here `illustra'ted while adapted for' efficiently .absorbing heat from the hot gases and quickly bringing the radiating element to a condition ofr in eandescence, lis one Which presents a lpleasing appearance to the eye when viewed through the radiating opening 25. 4

. The radiating opening 25 at the front .of the .combustion chamber is preferably closed byja window 38 which serves the double func- `tion of preventing the escape of the proudcts of combustion from the-combustion chamber 2l through theopening 25 thereby vitiating the air of the room, and also preventing the.

entrance of cool air through the opening 25 into contact with the radiatingv element .26.

The importance ofpreventing chilling of the radiating element by the entrance of cool air vwill be appreciated, when `it 1 is funderstood that the effectiveness of a radiating element, and the amount of radiation therefrom varies `approximately as the fourth powerof the absolute temperature differential between the 'element andthe -body to beheated-v The niaterial of the window may. be Ofglassorother .Iriaterialv which is. transparent to.y radiant `ondary radiator.

energy and ths permits the passage of radiant energy therethrough, and the Window may be carried in a hinged frame 39 having suitablehinges indicated at 39 and having al locking handle 40 by which the frame may be secured in position.

A secondary radiator whichis of a fiat construction is secured to the rear wall of the combustion chamber, the wall of the secondary radiator being preferably spaced from the rear wall of the `combustion chamber to provide air passages 46 therebetweenfor the circulation of air over the outer surfaces of the combustion chamber and of the secondary radiator whereby suchV airis heated by convection. The secondary radiator which may be very simply cast in two parts, as best shown in Fig. 3, is provided with suitable partitions or dividing Walls 47 which form with the outer walls of the secondary radiator7 tortuous `passages 48and 49 adapted to be connected with the interior of .the combustion chamber and to receive the hot products of combustion therefrom. These dividing walls are preferably corrugated and provided with a plurality of openings or passages 5()` through which the products of combustion may pass. In the absence ofi such openings it is sometimes found that there is too much resistance to draft through the device during the initial stage of use, before thevfiue andv other parts have heated up, so as to interfere with the draft and thus give undersirable operating results. The combustion chamber andthe secondary radiator .passages are connected at their upper partsrthrougha central opening 52 and the lateral openings 53. The passages within the secondary radiator are provided at a point remote from the inlet openings 52 and 53 with a flue collar 54 through which the products of combustion may `beconducted to a flue after they have traversed the tortuons passages of the secondary radiator 45'.V

This radiator is of course heated by radiation from the radiant elements as well as by the hot products of combustion passing thereover. A water pan 55 is provided near the combustion chamber, which pan has a filling spout or extension 56 extending to the outside of the heater for convenience in filling. The pan isadapted to receive water for the humidification of the air circulating over the outer surfaces of the combustion chamber and of the secondary radiator.

An enclosing casing 6() may be secured to the Vfront portion 24 ofthe heater andto vthe base v20 for the purpose of providing air passages about the combustion chamber and the secondary radiator to facilitate the passage of convection currents over these parts. The enclosing casing of course also has the .advantage that it forms al protection to prevent children and others from touching the hot parts of the combustion chamber and the sec- The upper part of the enheater'taken as a whole, but having suitable Y apertures 62 for the passagey of the heated air, the solid parts of the grating of course serving to facilitate the mixture of heated` air coming from various parts of the heater.

From the foregoing it will be apparent that the present invention provides an efficient portable heater which may be placed in a room for heating the same. The enclosure of the radiating element and the protection provided against t-he passage of cool air current-s thereover, enables the radiating element to be maintained at a uniformly high temperature thereby increasing the effectiveness of heating through radiation from the radiating element. In addition to the heating effected by radiation through the opening 25 thereis a general heating of the air in the room through convection by reason of the provision of the secondary radiator and the enclosing casing, which latter is arranged to facilitate the passage of air currents over the heated exterior surfaces of the combustion chamber and of the secondary radiator, as indicated by the .plain arrows in Figs. 2, 3 and 4. A further advantage of the present inventionA is that the products ofcombustion are at all times confined and vcan not escape intov the air circulating system, as will be` apparent from Figs. 2, 3 and 4 in which the flow of the products of combustion is indicated by the feathered arrows. By virtue of the secondary radiator with its tortuous passages most of the sensible heat is extracted from the products of combustion so that the temperature of these products is extremely low as they pass through the flue collar 54, and consequently a high efficiency is obtained for the heater.

Vhile the form of apparatus herein described constitutes a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to this precise form of apparatus, and that changes may be made therein without departing from the scope. of the inventionwhich is defined in the appended claims.

that is claimed is:

l. A. portable gas burning combined radiation and circulation type heater adapted to be used in a room, comprising a gas burner7 a casing forming a combustion chamber enclosing said burner, radiant means within said combustion chamber and positioned be heated by the gas burning at said burner, a passage connected to said combustion chamber through which the heated products of combustion pass to a fine, and an air circullO lating pipe positioned in direct heat-trans- Y ferring iinpinging relation with the gases burning within said combustion chamber,

said pipe having an air-inlet opening into thev bottom thereof and a verticallyarranged heated air discharge opening in the top thereycirculation type heater-adapted to be used in aroom, comprising a gasburner, a casing vforming a combustion chamber enclosing said e chamberand positioned to beV heated bythe burner, radiant means within said combustion gasburning at said burner, a passage connected to said combustion chamber through which the heated products of combustion pass to a iue, an air-circulating pipe positioned in y direct Vheattransferring impingingA relation with the gases burning within saidv chamber, and meansffor causing the hot productsv of eoinbustionnvithin said passage to.y follow a tortuous path to e'fectfincreased heating of the walls of thel said air-circulating pipe,

' saidy air-,circulating pipe,v having any unrestricted inlet opening into the bottom there'- of and a vertically arranged heated air dischargeopening at the topthereof, whereby the heated air passing through the said .pipe is discharged freely upwardly at high velocity to'effect circulation of the air Within theroom. l f A Y.

3. A portable gas burning combined radiation and'circulation type heater `adapted-to be used Vina room, comprising a gas burner, acasing forming acombustion chamber enclosing-said burner, radiant means within said combustion chamber 'and' positioned to be heated-by the gasburning at the said burner, a passage connected to said combustion chamber through which the heated productsfof combustion pass'tothe iiue, an aircirculating pipe in direct heat-impinging relation with theheated products of combustion Within said passage, and a casingaround the sides of said passage WallsA and the -said combustion chamber and spaced therefrom to provide an air-circulating channel outside of the Walls of the said passage, the air-circulating'pipeand said surrounding air-circulating channel being positioned in direct heattransferring impinging relation with the said hot products of combustion through the intermediary of the walls of said combustion chamber and said passage, the said air pipe and the said channel each having an ai r-inlet opening into the bottom thereof and each having a vertically arranged heated air discharge opening at the topthereof, whereby the air heated Within the said pipe and chan! nel is discharged vertically upwardly at high velocity to effect circulation of the air Within the room.

4. A portable gas burning combined radiation and circulation type heater adapted to be used in a room, comprising a gas burner, a

casing forming a combustion chamber en` closing said burner, a hollow open bottom radiantfwithin said combustion chamber and positioned over and around the gas burning v at said' burner, a passage. connected to said combustion chamber through AWhich the heated productsl of-.combustionpass to the f1ue,and a` vertically arranged hot air-circu latingr .passage positioned Vin, heat-trans# ferrino relation With the'saidlirst-named b passage, saidhot air-circulating passage'hav-k ingan yunrestricted verticaldiseharge, Whereby thcair heated within said air-circulating passage is-discharged upwardly at high` velocity to effect circulation of the air Within theroom.'y 'y 5. A portable gas burning'combined radiation and circulation type heater adapted to be used in"aroom,`co1nprising a gas burner, a casingvforming a combustion chamber enclosing said burner, radiant means Within said combustion chamber and positioned to be `heatedby the .gas burning at the said burner, av passage-connected to said combustion chamber through which the heated product-s ofcolnbustion pass to the flue, a vertically arranged air-circulating pipeI indirect heat-iimpinging relation with the hea-ted products ofeombustion within said passage, and a casing 'around the said passage Walls and the said combustion chamber and spaces therefromto `provide a vertically arranged air-circulating channel outside of the IWalls of said passage, the air-circulating' pipe 'and said. surrounding air-circulating channel being positioned in heat-transferring relation withl the saidhot products'of combustion through thefintermediary of the vWalls ofsaid'passage, the said air pipe and the said channel eachhaving an air-inlet opening into the'bottom thereof and each having a vertically arranged heated air discharge opening at the-top thereof, whereby tbefair heated Within the said pipe and channel'is discharged-vertically upwardly at'high velocity to .etfectcirculation of the air within the'room., v vf 6. A portabl'egas burning Vcombined radiation and circulation type heater-'adapted to be usedin a room, comprising a gas burner, a casing forming a combustion chamber enclosing said burner, hollow open bottom ran diant means within said combustion chamber vand positioned over and around the gas burning' at thesaid burner, a passage connected .to said combustion chamber through which heat-transferring soy lie Y opening at the top thereof, whereby the air heated within the said pipe and channel is discharged vertically upwardly at high veloc ity to elect circulation ofthe air Vwithin the room.

7. A portable gasburning combined radiating and circulating type heater adapted to be Aused in a room, comprising a casing having side walls and a back wall, the top of the heaterproviding an air-discharge opening providing for upward discharge of heated air at high velocity from the heater, a base plate on which the said side walls of the casing are mounted, with the back wall of the casing overhanging the rear of the base plate to provide for upward passage `of air into the casing, a combustion chamber member on said base plate spaced from the back wall and side walls of the casing to provide an aircirculating passage therebetween, a radiant energy .transparent closure for the :front of the casing to provide a closed combustion chamber, a burner on said base plate, ra-

diant lmeans above the, b urner, and a passage.

for hot products of combustion provided between the combustion chamber member and the back wall of the casing.

8. yA portable gas burning combined radiating and circulating type heater adapted to be used in a room, comprising a casing having side walls, a back wall, and a top wall, said top wall having air-discharge openings providing for upward discharge of heated air at high velocity from the heater, a base plate on which the said side walls of the casing are mounted, with the back wall of the casing overhanging the rear of the base plate to provide of unrestricted upward passage of air into the casing, supporting feet on said base plate, a combustion chamber member on said base plate spaced from the back wall and side walls of the casing to provide an airl circulating passage therebetween, a radiant energy transparent closure for the front of the casing to provide a closed combustion chamber, a gas burner on said base plate, hollow radiant means above the burner within which thegas is adapt-ed to burn, and a passage for hotproducts of combustion having a flue opening at one end and connecting with the top of the combustion chamber at its other end, said last passage being provided between the combustion chamber member and the back wall of the casing.

9. A portable combined radiation and circulating gas burning heater comprising a closed combustion chamber having an opening in the front wall thereof, means trans parent to radiant energy Jfor closing said opening, a series of vertically extending hollow refractory radiating elements arranged side by side within said combustion chamber and adapted to radiate heat forwardly from said opening, means within the combustion chamber for yheating said elements, a casing spaced from the walls of said combustion chamber and providing an air paslsage with substantially unrestricted inlet and outlet openings at the bottom and top of the heater for the circulation of airwhereby to heat the air by convection, a flattened secondary radiator supported adjacent to but spaced from the rear wall of said combustion chamber and within said casing to provide a passage therebetween for the circulation of air to be heated by convection, said secondary radiator having passages therein communicating at a plurality of points with the interior of the combustion chamber -for receiving hot products of combustion therefrom, and said secondary radiator having an outlet opening adapted to be connected with a flue.

In testimony whereof I hereto aliix my signature.

BERTRAND B. KAHN. 

